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What is Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery?

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG) is a surgical procedure to treat coronary artery disease. The surgery involves creating a new path for blood and treating blocked or narrowed coronary arteries to improve oxygen supply to the heart.  A coronary artery disease is caused due to a buildup of plaque in the walls of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. It accompanies the risk of heart diseases, including life-threatening conditions such as heart attack.

During the procedure, the surgeon will take the healthy blood vessel from the patient’s chest or legs and attach it to the coronary artery near the blockage. It reduces the risk of a heart attack and other heart diseases by ensuring enough blood and oxygen supply to the heart.

CABG is typically recommended when other treatments such as medications or lifestyle changes, have not worked for patients with severe coronary artery disease. It is typically performed under general anesthesia and requires several days to a week in the hospital, followed by several days of recovery and rehabilitation.

Overview

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Right Candidate for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
  • Individual has a blocked or narrowed artery
  • Medications stopped working
  • No pre-existing health conditions
  • Have the zeal to make changes in lifestyle.
Other names of the surgery
  • Coronary artery bypass grafting.
  • CABG — pronounced "cabbage."
  • Coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
  • Heart bypass surgery.
Symptoms of coronary artery disease
  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fatigue
  • Heart palpitations
  • Swelling in the legs
Why is CABG surgery done?
  • Restore blood flow
  • Repair or replace a damaged heart valve
  • Improve the pumping action of the heart
  • Reduce the chances of a heart attack
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Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Procedures

What Happens in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery?

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery is a major surgery, and your doctor will suggest you a wide range of diagnostic tests before proceeding with the procedure. The diagnostic tests may vary for each patient depending on their medical history and health conditions. However, some standard tests that may be required before the surgery are mentioned below:

  1. Coronary angiogram: A coronary angiogram determines the location and severity of coronary artery blockages.
  2. Electrocardiogram (ECG): To check the heart’s electrical activity through repeated cardiac cycles.
  3. Echocardiogram: It is done to evaluate the heart’s function and blood flow.
  4. Exercise stress test and Nuclear cardiac stress test: To check the heart’s ability to respond to external stress.
  5. Cardiac catheterization: To examine the heart’s functioning.
  6. Imaging tests: X-ray angiography or computed tomography (CT) scan angiography.
  7. Lab tests: Includes blood tests to analyze your cholesterol, blood sugar, and other factors and urine tests to analyze how well your kidneys function.
  8. Pulmonary function tests to assess lung function.
  9. Chest X-ray to evaluate the lungs and heart.

Procedure of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

First, the surgeon will sedate you with general anesthesia to ensure you don’t feel any pain or discomfort. Once you are sedated, the surgeon will make a large incision in the middle of your chest and separate the chest bone to access your heart. Then a healthy blood vessel is extracted from another part of the body, either by the leg or chest wall. Finally, a new blood flow path is created by attaching the healthy blood vessel to the coronary artery above and below the blockage.

Surgeons may create several bypasses in a single operation depending on the blockages they encounter. A wire is used to close the breastbone after the bypasses are performed, and stitching or staples are used to close the incisions.

Types Of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery include:

  • Off-pump or beating-heart surgery: Off-pump or beating-heart surgery is a minimally invasive, cardiothoracic procedure performed without needing a heart-lung machine. The surgeon uses a stabilizing device to help keep the heart still while operating. This type of surgery minimizes the risk of certain complications and can often provide better outcomes for the patient.
  • Minimally invasive CABG: Minimally invasive coronary artery surgery or angioplasty is a less invasive alternative to traditional open-heart surgery and requires only a few small incisions in the chest wall. The technique involves inserting a catheter into the coronary artery to unblock the artery. This procedure  is usually performed under local anesthesia.

Before being moved to a hospital room for additional recovery and rehabilitation, the patient is moved to the recovery room, where he/she is closely monitored. The patient must stay in the hospital for a few days to a week following surgery before being allowed to go home. Depending on the patient’s overall health, rehabilitation and recovery can take several weeks to months.

Why Pristyn Care?

Delivering Seamless Surgical Experience in Bangladesh

01.

Consultation For 50+ Diseases Across Bangladesh

Pristyn Care provides consultation for 50+ diseases and treatments such as Piles, Hernia, Kidney Stones, Cataract, Gynecomastia, Circumcision etc. across 3+ major cities in Bangladesh.

02.

Medical Expertise With Technology

Our surgeons spend a lot of time with you to diagnose your condition. You are assisted in all pre-surgery medical diagnostics. We offer advanced laser and laparoscopic surgical treatment. Our procedures are USFDA approved.

03.

Assisted Surgery Experience

A dedicated Care Coordinator assists you throughout the surgery journey from insurance paperwork, to free commute from home to hospital & back and admission-discharge process at the hospital.

04.

Post Surgery Care

We offer follow-up consultations and instructions including dietary tips as well as exercises to every patient to ensure they have a smooth recovery to their daily routines.

FAQs Around Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Is Coronary artery bypass graft surgery safe?

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is a safe and effective procedure to treat blockages in the coronary arteries. It has been proven to reduce the risk of recurrent heart attacks, reduce symptoms, and improve longevity.

However, like any other surgery, there are potential risks and complications associated with CABG too. To avoid any surgical complications related to coronary bypass surgery, consulting with an expert cardiothoracic is essential. For bypass surgery, get in touch with Pristyn Care to consult with some of the top cardiothoracic surgeon in Bangladesh.

How long does it take to recover from a coronary artery bypass graft surgery?

Recovery from a coronary artery bypass usually takes about six to eight weeks. During this time, regular follow-up visits with your doctor are essential to ensure a successful recovery.

What are the post-CABG complications?

Post-CABG complications can include

  • Incision site infection
  • Bleeding
  • Blood clots
  • Arrhythmias and stroke.

In some cases, lung or kidney problems may also arise.

What is the survival rate of heart blockage surgery?

Heart blockage surgery, also known as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), is a highly successful procedure, with a survival rate of over 95 percent after five years. The long-term survival rate is even higher, with more than 90 percent of patients living 15 years after the surgery.

Can a person live with heart blockage?

Living with a heart blockage is possible, depending on the degree of blockage. If the blockage is mild, lifestyle changes such as following a healthy diet and taking part in regular exercise may be enough to reduce the risk of further complications. However, if the blockage is more severe, surgery or other medical treatments may be necessary to reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke.

What is the cost of coronary artery bypass surgery in Bangladesh?

The cost of coronary artery bypass surgery in Bangladesh may range between Tk.______ to Tk._______. However, the final cost of surgery may vary depending on the extent of blockage, hospital charges, charges of cardiovascular surgeon and other Healthline conditions etc.

What is the difference between heart bypass and open heart surgery?

Heart bypass surgery involves grafting a healthy artery or vein from another part of the body to bypass the blocked artery or vein. Open heart surgery is a more invasive procedure that involves opening the chest cavity to access and repair the heart.

How to recover after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery?

Recovering after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG) can take some time, but following the proper guidelines can make the process as smooth and successful as possible.

  • Take it easy: You should take it easy after the surgery. You may need to limit physical activity, avoid strenuous activities, and rest frequently.
  • Diet: Your diet is also important for recovery. You will need to follow a specific diet plan tailored to your needs. This plan will likely include eating healthy, nutrient-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Eating smaller meals more frequently is also beneficial.
  • Stay hydrated: Drinking fluids can help your body heal and fight infection. In addition, make sure to get adequate amounts of rest and sleep.
  • Take proper follow-up: You should also watch for any signs of complications. Consult your doctor if you experience chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, swelling, or any other concerning symptoms.
  • Take medicines on time: Don’t forget to take any medications your doctor prescribes. These medications can help reduce swelling and inflammation, as well as help prevent infection.

Following these guidelines ensures your recovery after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery is a successful one. With adequate rest, a healthy diet, and proper medication, you can ensure your recovery is as smooth and successful as possible.

Questions To Ask Your Cardiologist Before Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

If you are considering having coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, it is important to ask your cardiologist a few  questions prior to the operation. Here are some key questions to ask your doctor before having CABG surgery:

  • What is CABG surgery and what are the risks?
  • What is the expected recovery time?
  • What type of lifestyle changes will I need to make after surgery?
  • Is there anything I can do to prepare for the surgery, such as quitting smoking or losing weight?
  • What type of monitoring and follow-up care will I need after the surgery?
  • What are the chances of the surgery being successful?
  • Are there any alternatives to the surgery?
  • How long will the surgery take?
  • What type of anesthesia will be used?
  • Are there any potential complications associated with CABG surgery?
  • How long will I need to stay in the hospital?
  • What type of activity should I expect to be able to do after the surgery?

By asking these questions before surgery, you can make an informed decision about your health.

Risks and Complications Associated with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Coronary artery surgery is a major surgery with some risks and complications. Below is a list of potential risks and complications associated with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery.

  1. Bleeding – Bleeding during or after the surgery is a common complication. The risk of bleeding can be reduced if the patient’s blood pressure is controlled and the patient is not taking any blood thinning medications.
  2. Infection – Infection is another potential complication of CABG. Patients are given antibiotics before and after the surgery to reduce the risk of infection.
  3. Stroke – Stroke is a risk of any major surgery. The risk of stroke can be reduced by controlling the patient’s blood pressure and taking any medications that may be prescribed to reduce the risk.
  4. Damage to blood vessels – Damage to the blood vessels during the surgery is a potential complication. This can lead to bleeding and other complications.
  5. Heart attack – A heart attack is a rare but possible complication of the surgery. The risk of a heart attack can be reduced by controlling the patient’s blood pressure and taking any medications that may be prescribed to reduce the risk.
  6. Renal failure – Renal failure is a potential complication of CABG. The risk of renal failure can be reduced by controlling the patient’s blood pressure and taking any medications that may be prescribed to reduce the risk.
  7. Respiratory problems – Respiratory problems can occur during or after the surgery. The risk of respiratory problems can be reduced by controlling the patient’s blood pressure and taking any medications that may be prescribed to reduce the risk.
  8. Blood clots: Blood clots can form in the veins or arteries following the surgery, leading to a stroke, heart attack, or other serious complications. The risk of blood clots can be reduced by controlling the patient’s blood pressure and taking any medications that may be prescribed to reduce the risk.
  9. Nerve damage – Nerve damage can occur during the surgery, resulting in pain, numbness, or weakness in the affected area.
  10. Death – Death is a rare but possible complication of CABG. The risk of death can be reduced by controlling the patient’s blood pressure and taking any medications that may be prescribed to reduce the risk.

In conclusion, it is crucial to consider the potential risks and complications before undergoing the procedure. By controlling the patient’s blood pressure and taking any medications that may be prescribed, the risk of complications can be reduced.

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