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A diabetic foot ulcer is an open wound or sore that occurs as a result of poorly controlled diabetes. Diabetic foot ulcers are quite common. 1 in every 10 people with diabetes end up having foot ulcers. Even mundane things like a new pair of shoes or minor injuries to the foot can lead to the development of foot ulcers.
Diagnosis
To diagnose the seriousness of the diabetic foot ulcer, your doctor may conduct a series of examinations. The doctor may want to know about your medical history and will conduct a physical examination to look for scratches, cuts and blisters. The doctor may feel your pulse to evaluate the blood flow to your feet. In addition to the physical exam, your doctor may also recommend X-rays to look for any misalignments in the feet due to decreased bone mass. MRI scans may also be conducted to get an idea about the extent of damage caused by the ulcer and if signs of any infection are seen, blood tests may be recommended.
Treatment
Debridement
Debridement is a procedure to treat wounds in the skin. In this procedure, a sharp tool or a scalpel is used to remove the dead tissue or infected skin tissues from the ulcerated foot. After the procedure, the wound is covered with a sterile bandage and the bandage is replaced daily. Ointments can also be used to hasten the healing process.
Infection Control
Foot ulcers are prone to infections. For infection prevention and control, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics like cephalexin, amoxicillin, moxifloxacin or clindamycin. These work against bacteria like staphylococcus aureus, β-hemolytic streptococci, Enterobacteriaceae, etc which are likely to cause infections in the ulcers.
Vascular Surgeries
Since one of the major causes of diabetic foot ulcers is narrowing of arteries and poor blood circulation, surgery may be required to increase the flow of blood.
Atherectomy is the surgical procedure used for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers caused due to peripheral artery disease. In this procedure, plaque consisting of fat, cholesterol and calcium is removed from the artery, thereby making the artery wider. Wider arteries have better blood circulation. The plaque is removed by shaving or vaporizing using small rotating blades at the end of a catheter or by using laser energy.
The procedure is performed under the influence of general or regional anesthesia, depending upon your medical history. Sometimes, after atherectomy, balloon angioplasty may be performed. In Balloon Angioplasty, a stent is inserted into the blood vessel to keep it open.
If you have advanced blockage in the artery, gangrene, or open sores in the foot, your doctor may perform leg bypass instead of balloon angioplasty. Leg bypass allows the creation of a new route so that the blood can travel around the blocked artery and proper blood flow to the foot can be maintained.
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A dedicated Care Coordinator assists you throughout the surgery journey from insurance paperwork, to commute from home to hospital & back and admission-discharge process at the hospital.
Our surgeons spend a lot of time with you to diagnose your condition. You are assisted in all pre-surgery medical diagnostics. We offer advanced laser and laparoscopic surgical treatment. Our procedures are USFDA approved.
We offer follow-up consultations and instructions including dietary tips as well as exercises to every patient to ensure they have a smooth recovery to their daily routines.
Pristyn Care has a dedicated team of the best vascular surgeons who can provide advanced and effective treatment for a variety of vascular disorders. To book an appointment, you can either call on the number mentioned on top of the page or fill in your details in the book an appointment form on the website. Our care coordinators will immediately get in touch with you and book an appointment for you with the nearest vascular surgeon at your convenience.
The severity of the diabetic foot ulcer may vary from one patient to another. The doctor will diagnose the condition. After a thorough diagnosis, the doctor would determine and advise the best-suited diabetic foot ulcer treatment technique. However, there are the following treatments that are provided for a diabetic foot ulcer:
-Debridement
-Infection Control
-Vascular Surgeries
-Reconstructive foot and ankle surgery
The recovery for a diabetic foot ulcer depends on a lot of different factors, most prominently the severity of the condition and the patient’s innate ability to heal. In most cases, if properly managed, the wound will heal within three to six weeks. To increase the rate of healing, the patient should follow the doctor’s instructions, keep the foot supported and wear a brace if needed.
Before diabetic foot ulcer treatment, proper diagnosis is necessary to find out the amount of degeneration of the foot tissues. Common diagnostic tests required for diabetic foot treatment are X-ray, physical examination, blood tests, MRI scan, etc.
Common complications associated with vascualr surgery for diabetic foot ulcer treatment are infection, hemmorrhage, damage to the surrounding tissues, fever, areterial aneurysm, etc.
If identified in time and treated appropriately in time, then most diabetic ulcers can be treated easily without any difficulty. However, the longer an ulcer is left untreated, the worse it gets, and it becomes harder to treat the ulcer completely.
Diabetic foot ulcers are divided into different grades depending on its effect on the leg.
In patients whose conditions reach Grade 5, the diabetic foot ulcer becomes so severe that amputation is required to prevent the infection from spreading to the other body parts. Therefore, it is important that you see a specialist as soon as possible to prevent the ulcer from advancing.
If an ulcer has started to form, contact a vascular specialist right away for timely treatment. By seeking treatment on time, the surgeon may be able to resolve the problem without performing any surgical procedure. If the ulcer reaches the bone and tissues start to die, then surgery will be needed for effective treatment.