Commonly performed Joint Replacement Surgeries

Joint pain and other disorders and diseases such as arthritis, degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis, etc can greatly impact a patient’s mobility and quality of life. If you are suffering from severe pain or arthritis, book your free consultation with our orthopedic doctor near you.

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What is Joint Replacement Surgery?

Joint replacement surgery is a surgical procedure that entails the replacement of the damaged and degenerated parts of a joint with an artificial prosthesis. It is very common among older patients with severely limited joint mobility.

The prosthetic or implant is usually made of a metal alloy, ceramic, specialized plastic, or a combination of the same. Its shape, size, and design vary on the type of surgery, the extent of joint degeneration, etc.

The most common indication for joint replacement surgery is arthritic pain and degeneration in a joint. It is the best long-term treatment for the same and provides patients unable to do their everyday tasks a new lease on life.

It is generally performed in weight-bearing joints, with knee and hip joints being the most common. In addition, some less commonly performed joints for which joint replacement is performed are the ankle, wrist, shoulder, and elbow joints.

On this page, we’ve described the most common joint replacement procedures for weight-bearing joints. Read ahead to find out more.

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Hip Joint

Hip replacement surgery or hip arthroplasty is the common name for joint replacement surgery for the hip joint. It is generally suggested to patients with chronic hip pain and degeneration due to arthritis, fracture, osteonecrosis, tumor formation, etc.

The most common types of hip replacement surgeries are:

Total Hip Replacement: It is the most common type of hip replacement and is done to replace the entire hip joint with artificial hip implants in patients with severe joint degeneration, and it generally provides the best results.
Partial Hip Replacement: It is also known as a hemiarthroplasty. During this surgery, the surgeon replaces only one part of the hip joint (normally the femoral head). This procedure is usually done in patients with a femoral head fracture or degeneration on only the femoral part of the hip joint.
Hip Resurfacing: Hip resurfacing surgery is an alternative to hip replacement surgery for patients with the beginning stages of hip arthritis. This procedure is preferred for younger, more active patients with minor femoral head degeneration.
Revision or Complex Hip Replacement: It is performed in patients who have previously undergone hip replacement surgery but now have pain or difficulty moving the hip joint due to wear over time or a hip replacement-related complication.

During the surgery, the surgeon replaces all or part of the hip prosthesis with a new specialized implant to relieve the patient’s pain and improve their joint function. It is a longer and more complex procedure than hip replacement surgery.

Knee Joint

Knee replacement, or knee arthroplasty, is the joint replacement surgery performed for the knee joint. This procedure eases chronic knee joint pain and restores the mobility and normal function of the knee joint.

It is usually performed for patients with severely damaged or degenerated knee joints due to knee issues like osteoarthritis, knee arthritis, trauma, knee injury, etc. It is usually only advised to people who have become bedridden due to severe knee joint pain and/or instability.

There are different types of knee replacement procedures based on the type of surgery, the extent of knee joint damage, the type of implant, etc. The most common types of knee replacement surgery are:

Total Knee Replacement (TKR): Total knee arthroplasty is a minimally invasive orthopedic treatment for damaged, worn, or diseased knee joints by replacing them with an artificial prosthesis. The treatment includes surgery and postoperative physiotherapy.
The goal of the treatment is to ease the patient’s pain and restore joint mobility. It is the most common type of knee replacement surgery as it provides the best results. However, it is only performed if the patient has become almost bedridden and has very severe pain.
Partial Knee Replacement: Also called partial knee arthroplasty or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, partial knee replacement is a type of knee replacement surgery that involves the replacement of only one part of the knee joint. The part of the knee joint to be replaced depends on the damage to the knee joint.
For this surgery, the surgeon may replace the medial or lateral part of the kneecap with the degenerated bone, depending on the area of the damage. The implant is generally smaller, and its size and shape vary based on the part of the knee being replaced. It has smaller incisions compared to total knee replacement, therefore, it generally provides quicker recovery.

Robotic Knee Replacement: This is the most advanced technique for knee replacement surgery. It is performed using 3-D images and a handheld robotic arm or device. The robot enhances the surgeon’s capability and provides even more precise and accurate incisions than arthroscopic surgery.
This results in a much shorter recovery time for the patient due to reduced damage to the tissues surrounding the joint. The robot is also very beneficial in more complex knee replacement cases, as it improves joint balance by protecting the soft tissues around your knee and better aligns the joint.
Patellar or Kneecap Replacement: This procedure is also known as patellofemoral arthroplasty. It is usually recommended when the undersurface area of the kneecap is affected because of degenerative diseases like arthritis.
Revision or Complex Knee Replacement: Revision knee replacement is performed in patients who have an issue with their knee implant after knee replacement surgery. The goal of this surgery is the same as the initial knee replacement, i.e., treating the patient’s pain and providing full mobility of the knee joint.
During revision knee replacement surgery, the surgeon removes all or parts of the original prosthetic and replaces it with a new knee implant. Though its goal and procedure resemble total knee replacement, since the procedure involves extensive bone damage, it is longer and more complex than the original surgery.

Shoulder Joint

Shoulder replacement surgery is the replacement of damaged or degenerated parts of the shoulder joint using a prosthetic implant. Just like other joint replacement surgeries, shoulder replacement is only performed in severe cases, where the patient’s pain and joint immobility become too severe to be managed medically.

There are four main types of shoulder replacement surgery, as described below:

Conventional Shoulder Joint Replacement: It is also known as traditional shoulder arthroplasty. This is the typical procedure for shoulder replacement surgery performed for shoulder arthritis, fractures, etc. For this type of surgery, the implant mimics the structure of a normal shoulder joint and functions in the same way.

This procedure is performed when the patient has a degenerated shoulder joint but healthy supporting soft tissues.

Reverse Shoulder Replacement: Reverse shoulder replacement entails a reversal of the ball and socket parts of the shoulder joint from their natural position. This type of shoulder replacement is performed in patients with severe rotator cuff tears or cuff tear arthropathy.

Since the implant can’t rely on rotator cuff soft tissues for support in these tissues, the shoulder joint is reversed, and the deltoid muscle is used to facilitate shoulder movement. It is also preferred in case of revision or complex shoulder replacement.

Partial Shoulder Replacement: Also known as stemmed hemiarthroplasty or shoulder hemiarthroplasty, this procedure entails the removal of only a part of the shoulder joint. Normally, the humerus head is removed and replaced with an implant, but the natural socket within the glenoid bone is preserved.

In some cases, if needed, this socket might be modified according to the implant shape and design for better shoulder movement and implant retention. This type of partial shoulder replacement is known as non-prosthetic glenoid arthroplasty or ream and run.

Shoulder Resurfacing: This type of shoulder replacement is also known as resurfacing hemiarthroplasty. This procedure is preferred only when there is very little degeneration of the shoulder joint. During the procedure, the surgeon removes the degenerated parts of the humerus head and caps it with a rounded prosthetic to ease joint movement.
Revision or Complex Shoulder Replacement: Shoulder replacement revision is performed when a patient has an issue with their existing shoulder implant. The most common causes behind shoulder replacement revision are the wear of the implant over time, implant dislocation, infection, fracture of the implant or surrounding bone, etc.