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Induced Abortion: Diagnosis, Treatment & Options

The termination of pregnancy by choice is a decision that carries a lot of weight. On this page, we aim to provide a detailed overview of induced abortion, its types, procedures, and aftercare. We endeavour to make this topic more understandable. Should you require further advice or consultation, you can easily consult our skilled gynecologists at Pristyn Care.

The termination of pregnancy by choice is a decision that carries a lot ... Read More

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Do’s & Don’ts of Abortion

Do's Don'ts
Ultrasound is essential before Abortion Never take medical pills from chemist
Blood Tests are necessary before Abortion Never test home remedies
Check Govt. Registration Certificate of the Center Never visit unregistered/unapproved center
Consult Gynaecologist before abortion procedure Don't go to quacks or unqualified person

What is Induced Abortion?

Induced abortion refers to the deliberate termination of pregnancy. It is conducted for various reasons, ranging from personal circumstances to health issues and genetic disorders in the foetus. This process can be performed under medical supervision via two primary ways: medical and surgical abortions. 

Medical abortions involve taking medications prescribed by a doctor that cause contractions, leading to an early miscarriage. Surgical abortions, on the other hand, involve minor procedures that are conducted in an operation theatre by a practicing doctor.

The type of abortion procedure chosen largely depends on how far along the pregnancy is. Medical abortions are usually preferred until the 9th week of pregnancy. It involves taking two sets of pills – mifepristone and misoprostol. The former stops pregnancy growth and the latter helps in expelling the foetus from the body. Surgical abortions are generally conducted post the 9th week of pregnancy and include methods like aspiration abortion and dilation & evacuation (D&E). These procedures are done in the operation theatre under anaesthesia and involve removing pregnancy tissue from the uterus.

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What’s the Difference Between an 'Induced' and a 'Spontaneous' Abortion?

An abortion is a term you might frequently hear, but did you know there are different types? Understanding these differences is important, particularly for women, as it helps in addressing pregnancy-related issues.

An ‘induced’ abortion refers to the intentional termination of a pregnancy before the foetus can survive outside the uterus. It’s generally performed by a qualified doctor within a safe and hygienic environment, such as an operation theatre. The reasons for this could be personal, such as not being ready to have a child, or medical, like if the pregnancy poses a risk to the woman’s health.

On the other hand, a ‘spontaneous’ abortion, commonly known as miscarriage, is an unfortunate event where the pregnancy ends naturally before the 20th week. Typically, it occurs due to genetic abnormalities or other health problems in the mother or the foetus.

It’s not uncommon for one to confuse these terms or use them interchangeably; however, they describe two very different situations.

Why are you seeking an Abortion?

Are All 'Elective' and 'Therapeutic' Abortions Induced?

Abortion terminology can get a bit complicated. Here, we’re discussing ‘elective’ and ‘therapeutic’ abortions – are they all induced?

The answer is yes. Both elective and therapeutic abortions fall under the category of induced abortions. But what sets them apart?

An ‘elective’ abortion is chosen by a woman for non-medical reasons. She might not feel ready to become a mother due to personal, financial, or societal reasons.

Contrarily, a ‘therapeutic’ abortion is advised by doctors for medical reasons. It might be necessary if continuing the pregnancy could harm the mother’s health or if severe foetal abnormalities are detected.

In both cases, the procedure is performed by a  gynaecologist, and thus, they are considered induced abortions. However, the decision-making process and reasons behind these procedures are what differentiates them.

Understanding these differences helps us make informed choices about our reproductive health, empathise with others in these situations, and engage in constructive discussions about women’s healthcare rights.

When is Induced Abortion Needed?

Induced abortion is a medical procedure that is sometimes needed under certain circumstances. In many instances, it is not an easy decision to make, but it can be essential for the health and well-being of the woman. Here are a few scenarios where induced abortion might be required:

  • Medical Complications: If the pregnancy poses a risk to the woman’s health or life, doctors may suggest an abortion. This could be due to severe heart conditions, uncontrolled diabetes, or other serious illnesses.
  • Foetal Abnormalities: If prenatal tests reveal significant abnormalities that could lead to severe disability or even death of the child post-birth, an induced abortion may be considered.
  • Mental Health Issues: In cases where continuing with the pregnancy might cause psychological distress or exacerbate existing mental health issues, an induced abortion may be necessary.

Remember, the decision to have an induced abortion should always be based on thorough consultations with healthcare professionals who understand your medical history and current situation.

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How is Induced Abortion Done?

Understanding how an induced abortion is done can help ease your anxiety to some extent if you find yourself needing this procedure. Generally, the method of induced abortion depends on how far along you are in your pregnancy. Here’s a simple stepwise process:

  • Medical Abortion: In early pregnancy (less than nine weeks), a medical abortion can be performed using medications. 

This process typically begins with a visit to the doctor’s clinic, where the patient takes the first medication, usually mifepristone. This medicine works by blocking the hormone progesterone, which is necessary for pregnancy to continue. 

After 1-2 days, the patient takes a second medication, typically misoprostol, at home. Misoprostol causes the uterus to contract and expel the pregnancy, resulting in cramps and heavy bleeding similar to a heavy menstrual period. 

This combination of medications effectively terminates the pregnancy in most cases. It’s important to have follow-up care with the doctor to ensure the abortion is complete and to address any potential complications.

  • Surgical Abortion: If you are more than nine weeks pregnant or if a medical abortion fails, surgical options such as suction aspiration or dilation and evacuation (D&E) may be necessary.
  • Suction Aspiration: This procedure is typically used up to 16 weeks of pregnancy. It involves dilating the cervix and using a suction device to gently remove the pregnancy tissue from the uterus. The procedure is usually performed in an operating theatre (OT) under local anesthesia, though sedation or general anesthesia may also be used depending on the patient’s needs.
  • Dilation and Evacuation (D&E): This method is generally used for pregnancies beyond 16 weeks. It involves dilating the cervix and using surgical instruments along with suction to remove the pregnancy tissue. D&E is performed under sedation or general anesthesia in an OT to ensure the patient’s comfort and safety.

Both procedures are conducted by trained gyneologists and have a high success rate. Follow-up care is important to monitor the patient’s recovery and address any potential complications, such as infection or heavy bleeding.

Risks and Complications in Induced Abortion

An induced abortion refers to a medical procedure to end a pregnancy, often performed by a qualified doctor. The process, while generally safe, does have its share of potential risks and complications. It’s essential for women to be aware of these, empowering them to make informed decisions about their health.

  • Infection: After an abortion, there is a risk of developing an infection in the womb. This is usually caused by remnants of pregnancy tissue or bacteria entering the womb during the procedure. Symptoms of infection may include high temperature, severe abdominal pain, and abnormal vaginal discharge.
  • Excessive Bleeding: While some bleeding post-abortion is normal, excessive or heavy bleeding (haemorrhage) is a complication that needs immediate medical attention.
  • Injury to the Uterus: In rare cases, the surgical instruments used during the abortion may cause damage to the womb or other parts of your reproductive system.
  • Emotional Distress: Besides physical risks, some women might experience emotional distress or feelings of sadness and guilt post-abortion. It is beneficial to seek emotional support from professional counsellors or trusted loved ones if needed.

In all cases, it’s critical to receive immediate medical help if you experience any alarming symptoms after an abortion.

Getting Pregnant After an Induced Abortion

As humans, we evolve with time and our circumstances change. For a woman who has had an induced abortion in the past, deciding to start a family can bring a mix of emotions and questions—with the impact of past abortion on future pregnancies being the primary concern. Here’s what you need to know:

  • Fertility: A single induced abortion usually doesn’t affect your ability to get pregnant in the future. Most women are able to conceive again within a few weeks after an abortion.
  • Healthy Pregnancies: If your abortion was performed safely and appropriately, your chances of having healthy future pregnancies are high. However, multiple abortions might slightly increase the risk of certain complications such as premature birth or low birth weight.
  • Waiting Period: Doctors typically recommend waiting for at least a couple of menstrual cycles before trying to conceive again. This gives your body time to recover fully.

The journey to motherhood post-abortion can be both emotionally and physically challenging. It’s important to consult your doctor or a pre-pregnancy counsellor who can give personalised advice based on your health history and current situation. Remember, every woman’s journey is unique and worthy of respect and support.

FAQs

Are there different types of induced abortions?

Yes, there are two main types of induced abortions: medical and surgical. A medical abortion involves taking medication to terminate a pregnancy, while a surgical abortion involves a minor procedure performed by a doctor.

When can an induced abortion be performed?

The timing for an induced abortion can vary based on several factors such as the woman’s health, the stage of the pregnancy, and local regulations. Generally, this procedure can be performed up to 24 weeks of pregnancy.

Who can perform an induced abortion?

In India, only registered medical practitioners are allowed to perform an induced abortion. This includes doctors who have been trained and certified in obstetrics and gynaecology.

Is it safe to have an induced abortion?

An induced abortion performed under the supervision of a trained doctor in a hygienic setting is generally safe. However, like any medical procedure, it does carry some risks which your doctor will explain to you.

What should I expect after an induced abortion?

After an induced abortion, you might feel tired or experience mild cramping and bleeding for a few days. It’s important to follow your doctor’s advice on rest, diet, and medications during this period.

Can I still get pregnant after having an induced abortion?

Yes, having an induced abortion does not usually affect your fertility. Most women can become pregnant again in the future if they choose to do so.

How long does it take to recover from an induced abortion?

Recovery times can vary depending on the individual and the type of abortion performed. However, most women recover within a few weeks.

What are the possible side effects of an induced abortion?

Side effects can include bleeding, cramping, nausea, and fatigue. Rarely, more serious complications can occur such as infection or heavy bleeding.

Can I get counselling before and after an induced abortion?

Yes, many hospitals and clinics offer counseling services for women who are considering or have had an induced abortion. This can help you understand your options and cope with any emotions you may be experiencing.

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Medically Reviewed By
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Dr. Monika Dubey
24 Years Experience Overall
Last Updated : April 3, 2025

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