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Colorectal surgery is a broad term used to describe various surgical procedures to treat the problems of the lower gut. The surgery treats colon, anus, and rectum conditions like hemorrhoids, colorectal polyps, anal fistula, colon and rectal cancer, and more. Pristyn Care is associated with some of the best hospitals for colorectal surgeries in major cities all over India. Book your FREE consultation today with Pristyn Care for proper guidance and safe colorectal surgery.
Colorectal surgery is a broad term used to describe various surgical procedures to ... Read More
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Colorectal surgery is a field of medicine that deals with disorders of the rectum, anus, and colon. The field, also known as proctology, has many surgical procedures that treat various medical conditions affecting the lower digestive tract. Some conditions of the lower digestive tract include:
Colon and rectal cancer- This cancer begins in the colon or rectum.
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Before colorectal surgery, your proctologist will likely perform certain tests and diagnostics to evaluate your overall health and the severity of your medical condition. Some of the most common tests that are usually performed before any colorectal surgery are given below:
Anoscopy: An anoscopy is a procedure that uses a small tube called an anoscope to view the lining of the anus and rectum. An anoscopy is often used to diagnose: piles, anal fissures, anal polyps, and cancer of the anus or rectum.
Digital rectal examination: This test examines a patient’s lower rectum, lower belly, and pelvis. A digital rectal exam can help your doctor check for cancer and other medical problems, including piles, abnormal mass in the anus or rectum, colon polyps, anal fissures, etc.
Flexible sigmoidoscopy: Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a procedure where a medical professional uses a narrow, flexible tube with a light and camera on one end, called a sigmoidoscope, to look inside the patient’s rectum and lower colon. It can show irritated or swollen tissue, colorectal polyps, and cancer.
Colonoscopy: A colonoscopy is an exam that looks for changes — swollen, irritated tissues, colorectal polyps, or cancer — in the large intestine and rectum. A long, flexible tube (colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum during a colonoscopy, and a tiny video camera at the tip of the tube helps the doctor to view the inside of the entire colon.
MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used to diagnose and treat colorectal disorders. It is an established technique for evaluating and staging colorectal diseases like rectal cancer, perianal fistulas, etc.
Colorectal medical conditions require different surgical procedures for treatment. Some of the most commonly performed colorectal surgeries include:
Laser Surgery
Laser surgery for piles is an outpatient, quick, and less-invasive medical procedure. The treatment uses a fine laser beam to remove the swollen blood vessels in the anal region. However, the surrounding healthy tissues remain unaffected during the treatment for piles. People prefer laser treatment for piles due to its several benefits, and it is a preferred treatment option for acute symptoms.
Hemorrhoidectomy
Hemorrhoidectomy is a surgical procedure to remove severe hemorrhoids. There are several types of hemorrhoidectomy procedures where:
Hemorrhoidectomy is usually a day procedure carried out under a general anesthetic. The procedure is common and generally safe, but recovery after surgery can take a few weeks and be painful.
Hemorrhoid Stapling
A hemorrhoid stapling, sometimes called stapled hemorrhoidopexy, involves cutting and removing an anal hemorrhoidal vascular cushion, whose role is to help seal stools and create continence. The process removes abnormally enlarged hemorrhoidal tissue and repositions the remaining hemorrhoidal tissue back to its normal anatomic position.
Hemorrhoid stapling is an effective treatment for internal hemorrhoids but not for anal fissures or external hemorrhoids. During this procedure, the anal sphincter muscle is pulled in due to tight stapling. If external hemorrhoids are present, they also get pulled in and reappear when staples fall after a few months, and the sphincter returns to its normal position.
Rubber Band Ligation
Hemorrhoid banding, or rubber band ligation is a treatment for hemorrhoids that does not respond to home remedies. It is a minimally invasive technique that involves tying the base of the hemorrhoid with a rubber band to stop blood flow to the hemorrhoid.
Rubber band ligation is an outpatient procedure, meaning you won’t need to stay in a hospital. Before the procedure, you will be given anesthesia or have a topical anesthetic applied to the rectum. If the hemorrhoids are extremely painful, or you need to have a lot of them banded, you may require general anesthesia.
Coagulation
Coagulation is a non-surgical treatment for hemorrhoids that uses heat to clot the veins and cut off the blood supply to hemorrhoids. It works by coagulating the vessels that provide the hemorrhoid with blood which causes the hemorrhoid tissue to shrink. It is a painless and minor procedure that takes less than 10 minutes and is performed without anesthesia. If a particular hemorrhoid is bothering you, it will be targeted first.
Before undergoing colorectal surgery, the colorectal surgeon will suggest stopping over-the-counter medications like aspirin. The patient must also prepare the bowel by taking laxatives before the surgery. The objective is to clear the lower digestive tract to give the surgeon a clean surgical field. This also prevents postoperative infections and other medical complications. Apart from this, other preparations for abdominal surgery may require the following:
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Some of the most common risks and complications that can occur after a colorectal surgery are:
Depending on the type of colorectal surgery, patients need to stay in the hospital for 1-2 days. The recovery time for colorectal surgery is around 6-8 weeks, though it can sometimes be longer. The doctor will also provide a post-operative care package to ensure minimal risks and faster recovery. Apart from this, other post-operative care includes:
