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Foot and Ankle Surgery

Foot and ankle surgery is a specialised medical procedure aimed at diagnosing, treating, and preventing disorders associated with the foot and ankle. This surgery is often the last resort when conservative treatments, such as medication or physical therapy, have failed to relieve symptoms associated with conditions like arthritis, tendonitis, and fractures. If you've been suffering from foot or ankle discomfort, reach out to Pristyn Care. Consult with our skilled orthopedic surgeons, who can guide you towards the right treatment option for your condition. Book your appointment today for expert advice and treatment.

Foot and ankle surgery is a specialised medical procedure aimed at diagnosing, treating, ... Read More

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What is Foot and Ankle Surgery?

Foot and ankle surgery refers to a range of medical procedures conducted on the foot and ankle region to diagnose, treat, and possibly prevent conditions that can interfere with these vital structures of our body. This branch of medicine is usually sought after when non-invasive treatments such as medication or physical therapy fail to provide relief from ailments like arthritis, tendonitis, or fractures.

The primary goal of foot and ankle surgery is to restore functionality, mitigate pain, and consequently improve the patient’s quality of life. These surgeries are typically performed by orthopaedic surgeons who specialise in issues related to the foot and ankle.

The surgical procedures may range from minimally invasive arthroscopies to more extensive procedures like ankle replacement surgeries. The chosen procedure largely depends on the severity of the condition.

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What Are The Types Of Foot and Ankle Surgery?

Foot and ankle surgery encompasses several procedures, each tailored to treat specific conditions affecting these areas:

  • Arthroscopy: This minimally invasive process involves small incisions to insert an arthroscope that allows surgeons to view and address issues such as loose bone fragments and damaged cartilage.
  • Fracture Repair: In cases where bones are broken, the fragments are repositioned and secured with plates and screws to facilitate healing.
  • Ankle Replacement: This process involves removing damaged parts of the ankle and replacing them with prosthetic components, typically recommended for patients with severe arthritis.
  • Ankle Fusion: This surgery requires fusing the ankle bones using screws and plates, relieving pain but possibly limiting motion range.
  • Tendon Surgery: This procedure can involve repairing or removing damaged tendons, particularly in cases of chronic tendonitis or significant injuries like Achilles tendon tears.
  • Ligament Reconstruction (Broström Procedure): This surgical process tightens loose ligaments to stabilise the ankle, especially after recurrent sprains.
  • Bunion Surgery: The surgery corrects bunions (hallux valgus) by realigning the big toe and can involve an osteotomy to straighten the toe.
  • Hammertoe Surgery: This addresses the permanent bending of toes, often employing arthroplasty or arthrodesis to restore joint function.
  • Plantar Fasciitis Surgery: Reserved for severe cases, this surgery releases tension in the plantar fascia to alleviate chronic heel pain.

Diagnosis Before Foot and Ankle Surgery

Before agreeing to foot and ankle surgery, it is crucial to undergo a thorough diagnosis. The diagnosis of potential arthritis in the foot and ankle includes several steps, such as:

  • Medical History and Physical Examination: Your doctor will ask you about your past and present health conditions to understand the origin of your foot pain. They will examine the nerve sensations, measure your range of motion, and identify areas of discomfort.
  • X-rays: These are taken to evaluate the extent of arthritis in your foot and ankle. X-rays can help identify any associated problems within the ankle joint.
  • Further Testing: If surgery is being considered as an option, additional tests like CT scans or MRIs may be ordered. These provide more detailed images, which can help in planning the surgical procedure.

Procedure for Foot and Ankle Surgery

Foot and ankle surgery involves a few different procedures, depending on the nature and severity of your arthritis. Here’s what you can expect from each procedure:

  • Debridement (Cheilectomy): This is performed for mild to moderate arthritis in the big toe joint. The surgeon removes pieces of cartilage, ligament, or bone that are interfering with joint movement.
  • Fusion (Arthrodesis): This procedure fuses the bones of the arthritic joint using screws and plates. Over time, this allows the bones to grow together into one fused bone, which eliminates painful joint movement.
  • Ankle Fusion (Arthrodesis): This procedure involves removing the damaged ankle joint and fusing the talus bone to the tibia. It creates a stiff but pain-free ankle.
  • Ankle Replacement (Arthroplasty): In this procedure, the worn-out ends of the tibia and talus bones are replaced with artificial ends made of plastic or metal, allowing joint movement after surgery.

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Who Is the Right Candidate for Foot and Ankle Surgery?

The decision to opt for foot and ankle surgery is typically made based on the patient’s symptoms, their level of pain, and how much their arthritis affects their daily life. Some criteria that point to a patient’s eligibility for foot and ankle surgery include:

  • Pain Severity: Surgery may be considered if you are experiencing severe pain in your foot or ankle that isn’t relieved by non-surgical treatment methods.
  • Impact on Daily Life: If arthritis in your foot or ankle is limiting your mobility and interfering with your quality of life, you might be a good candidate for foot and ankle surgery.

What Are The Benefits Of Foot and Ankle Surgery?

Foot and ankle surgery offers a variety of potential benefits for individuals suffering from conditions that impact their mobility or quality of life. Here are some of the key advantages:

  • Pain Relief: Undertaking foot and ankle surgery can lead to long-lasting pain relief, especially in conditions like arthritis. This can significantly enhance your daily living experience.
  • Improved Functionality: The procedure may restore function and mobility to your feet, enabling you to perform daily activities with greater ease.
  • Enhanced Appearance: For those with foot deformities, the surgery can improve the aesthetic appearance of your feet, boosting your self-confidence.
  • Preventive Measures: In some cases, foot and ankle surgery can prevent further complications related to foot and ankle conditions, such as deformities.

How To Prepare For Foot and Ankle Surgery?

Proper preparation for foot and ankle surgery is crucial for a successful outcome. Here are some steps to consider:

  • Consultation: Begin by discussing your comprehensive medical history, including any current medications and allergies, with your doctor. It’s essential to understand the procedure thoroughly.
  • Preoperative Testing: You may need to undergo various tests, like blood tests or imaging studies, to ensure you are fit for surgery.
  • Lifestyle Adjustments: You may be advised to stop smoking or adjust medications, especially blood thinners, before the surgery.
  • Postoperative Planning: Plan ahead for transportation post-surgery and consider arranging assistance for the first few days during recovery.

What Are The Recovery Tips and Precautions To Follow After Foot and Ankle Surgery?

Recovering from foot and ankle surgery is an important phase of the healing process. Here are some general tips for a smooth recovery:

  • Follow Instructions: Adhere strictly to your surgeon’s postoperative care instructions, including wound care and medication management.
  • Rest and Elevation: Keep the foot elevated as much as possible to reduce swelling and promote faster healing.
  • Weight Bearing: Follow your doctor’s guidelines regarding weight-bearing activities. Certain procedures may require you to use crutches or a walker for a few weeks.
  • Physical Therapy: Engage in physical therapy as recommended to restore strength and flexibility in your foot and ankle.
  • Monitor for Complications: Stay vigilant for signs of infection like increased redness, swelling, or discharge, and report any unusual symptoms to your doctor immediately.

Potential Risks Or Complications Associated With Foot and Ankle Surgery

While foot and ankle surgery typically yields positive outcomes, there are potential complications to be aware of:

  • Infection: The surgical sites can become infected, which may necessitate further treatment.
  • Nerve Damage: Small nerves close to the incision might be damaged, leading to numbness or tingling in the foot.
  • Delayed Healing: Bones might take more time than expected to heal, especially in fusion surgeries, which can prolong the recovery period.
  • Joint Issues: Replacement joints might not be as durable as natural joints, and some surgeries may limit movement.
  • Blood Clots: There is a risk of developing blood clots, particularly in the legs, which could lead to serious complications.

What Is The Cost Of Foot and Ankle Surgery In India?

Foot and ankle surgery, conducted by specialist surgeons, plays a crucial role in resolving numerous issues that could cause discomfort, immobility or pain. However, the cost of such specialised procedures can vary widely. Several factors contribute to these costs:

  • Type of Surgery: Basic foot and ankle surgeries are less costly compared to complex procedures, which necessitate specialised equipment or expertise.
  • Hospital’s Location: Hospitals in metropolitan cities like Delhi or Mumbai often charge more than those in smaller towns due to higher operational costs.
  • Surgeon’s Expertise: Experienced surgeons with a reputation for excellent outcomes may charge more than their less-experienced counterparts.
  • Medical Facilities: Hospitals equipped with advanced medical facilities often have higher charges due to the quality of care provided.

Is Foot and Ankle Surgery Covered Under Insurance?

Yes, most health insurance plans in India cover foot and ankle surgeries under their policy. It can significantly reduce out-of-pocket expenses and ensure you get the best possible care. However, it’s essential to be aware that insurance coverage often includes specific conditions.

Insurance generally covers hospitalisation costs, surgery fees, pre- and post-operative care, and necessary diagnostic tests. It likely doesn’t cover outpatient treatments or cosmetic surgeries.

Additionally, certain government schemes, like the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY), offer substantial coverage for foot and ankle surgeries. AB-PMJAY covers secondary and tertiary hospitalisation treatments up to ₹5 lakh per family per year. However, it does not cover outpatient care and cosmetic procedures.
Always remember to thoroughly review your insurance policy or government scheme details to understand your coverage before opting for foot and ankle surgery.

FAQs

1. Can foot and ankle surgery help alleviate pain and discomfort?

Yes, the primary goal of foot and ankle surgery is to help patients get relief from pain and discomfort associated with various conditions affecting these areas. With the aid of experienced orthopaedic specialists, you are likely to see an improvement in your condition.

2. Are there any alternatives to foot and ankle surgery?

Yes, before considering surgery, your doctor will likely suggest non-surgical treatment options such as physiotherapy, the use of orthotic devices or insoles, medication, or lifestyle changes such as weight loss or a change in footwear. Surgery is usually considered when these treatments do not help alleviate your symptoms.

3. How long does it typically take to recover from foot and ankle surgery?

The recovery period depends on the type of foot and ankle surgery performed. Typically, it may take a few weeks to several months for a complete recovery. During this period, it is crucial to follow your doctor’s advice on rest, exercise, and medication.

4. Will I be able to walk properly post-surgery?

With proper rehabilitation and physical therapy after surgery, you should be able to regain normal function in your foot and ankle. However, the time it takes can vary depending on the severity of your condition and the type of surgery performed.

5. Is physiotherapy necessary after foot and ankle surgery?

Yes, physiotherapy is often recommended after foot and ankle surgery. It helps improve strength, flexibility and overall mobility of the foot and ankle region.

6. Can I return to sports after my foot and ankle surgery?

Your ability to return to sports after a foot and ankle operation depends on the type of surgery performed and your body’s healing process. Once healed adequately, many patients can return to their favourite sports with their doctor’s approval.

7. Can foot and ankle surgery be performed on children?

Yes, foot and ankle surgery can be performed on children. However, the decision to go for surgery depends on the nature of the child’s problem, the severity of symptoms, and the child’s general health. It’s always best to consult with a specialist for personalised advice.

8. Do I need to stay in the hospital after foot and ankle surgery?

Depending on the complexity of your foot and ankle surgery, you may need to stay overnight in the hospital for observation. However, some minor foot and ankle surgeries can be performed on an outpatient basis, allowing you to go home the same day.

9. How can I prevent future foot and ankle problems post-surgery?

Guidance will be provided by your doctor regarding specific exercises, suitable footwear, and lifestyle changes that can help prevent future issues. Regular follow-ups with your doctor are also crucial for monitoring your recovery and preventing any complications.

10. Is there a risk of infection after foot and ankle surgery?

Like any surgical procedure, there is a slight risk of infection post-operation. However, proper wound care and following your doctor’s instructions can significantly reduce this risk. If you notice any signs of infection, such as increased pain, redness, swelling or fever, you should contact your doctor immediately.

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