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Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can damage the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain and carries images to it. The most common cause is increased pressure inside the eye, known as intraocular pressure. This pressure can gradually damage the optic nerve. However, it is important to note that glaucoma can also occur even with normal eye pressure
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can damage the optic nerve, ... Read More
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C, 2/390, Pankha Rd, C4 D Block, C-2 Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi, Delhi, 110058
266/C, 80 Feet Rd, near C.M.H HOSPITAL, HAL 3rd Stage, Indiranagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560038
GRCW+76R, Jangali Maharaj Road Dealing Corner, Shivajinagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411004
There are different types of glaucoma:
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide but early detection and treatment can help prevent or slow vision loss. Regular eye exams are crucial for detecting glaucoma in its early stages.
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There are multiple tests that your doctor may recommend to diagnose and monitor glaucoma:
These tests help diagnose glaucoma, determine its severity, and monitor for progression over time. A comprehensive eye exam including several of these tests is the most reliable way to definitively diagnose glaucoma.
Open-angle glaucoma is the more prevalent variety, making up roughly 90% of the cases. In this type, the angle between the iris and cornea, which is an essential component of the eye’s drainage system, remains open. However, the trabecular meshwork, another crucial part of the drainage system, does not function correctly or gets blocked. This dysfunction leads to fluid accumulation inside the eye, causing a gradual increase in internal eye pressure. This pressure can cause damage to the optic nerve over time.
Some important points to note about open-angle glaucoma are:
Regular visits to your doctor for eye exams are crucial for the early detection and management of this condition.
Angle-closure glaucoma, on the other hand, occurs when the iris is pushed against the cornea, blocking the drainage angle and preventing fluid from exiting the eye. This blockage can cause a sudden spike in eye pressure, which can lead to a medical emergency.
Here are a few vital characteristics of angle-closure glaucoma:
Similar to open-angle glaucoma, the treatment for this type also includes eye drops for reducing pressure, laser procedures, and in some cases, surgery. Regular eye check-ups are the key to early detection, and hence effective management of both types of glaucoma.
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Congenital glaucoma is a rare but serious condition that is present at birth or manifests shortly after. This condition arises from an abnormal development of the eye’s drainage system which ultimately leads to an increase in eye pressure. The signs to watch out for include enlarged or cloudy corneas, light sensitivity, excessive tearing, and irritability in the eyes.
Identifying this condition early is crucial. A comprehensive eye exam carried out by a paediatric ophthalmologist is typically the first step towards diagnosis. Treatment often necessitates surgical measures such as a trabeculotomy, goniotomy, or drainage implants. These procedures help to improve fluid drainage, thus reducing the pressure in the eyes. The main aim of these interventions is to preserve vision and prevent further complications.
In contrast to the congenital form, secondary glaucoma refers to glaucoma that occurs as a result of other congenital ocular or systemic abnormalities. These may include conditions such as aniridia, Peters anomaly, Sturge-Weber syndrome, and Lowe syndrome.
The prognosis for secondary glaucoma is generally guarded due to its association with other medical conditions. Patients often require multiple procedures and may face associated problems such as amblyopia (lazy eye), damage to the optic nerve, and corneal or lens issues that can deteriorate their visual outcome.
Medical therapy remains the first line of treatment for secondary glaucoma. However, surgical interventions such as goniotomy and trabeculotomy may also be required for adequate control of the intraocular pressure which is elevated in glaucoma.
When it comes to secondary glaucoma, there are various types that you need to be aware of. These are conditions that develop as a result of an existing eye or health problem. Let us explore some of these types:
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, which is crucial for good vision. Damage is usually caused by an abnormally high pressure in your eye and can lead to vision loss if not treated properly.
There are primarily four types of glaucoma: Open-Angle (Chronic) glaucoma, Angle-Closure (Acute) glaucoma, Secondary glaucoma, and Congenital glaucoma. Each type has different causes and treatment options.
Not necessarily. With early detection and appropriate treatment, you can protect your eyes against severe vision loss or blindness from glaucoma. Regular check-ups with your eye doctor can help catch any potential issues early on.
For those over 40 and with a family history of glaucoma, it is advised to have an eye examination from your family doctor every two years. If you have health problems like diabetes or a history of glaucoma in your family, you may need an eye exam more often.
Treatment options for glaucoma include prescription eye drops, oral medications, laser therapy, or surgery. The choice of treatment depends on the type and severity of your glaucoma.
While glaucoma cannot be prevented, its progression can be slowed down with early detection and treatment. Regular eye examinations are crucial, especially if you have risk factors like family history, diabetes or high blood pressure.
Symptoms can vary depending on the type of glaucoma. For example, Open-Angle glaucoma is often symptomless in the early stages, whereas Angle-Closure glaucoma can cause sudden symptoms such as blurry vision, halos around lights, intense eye pain, nausea and vomiting.
The diagnosis of glaucoma includes a comprehensive eye examination: visual acuity test, visual field test, dilated eye examination, pressure measurement (tonometry), and imaging tests to create a detailed picture of your optic nerve for future comparison.
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