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Knee Cartilage Repair Treament

Our knees, the largest joints in our body, are vital for movement and daily activity. However, damage to knee cartilage, often due to injury or degenerative conditions, can limit our mobility and cause significant pain. Knee cartilage repair treatments offer a solution, restoring function, alleviating discomfort and potentially delaying the progression of arthritis. If you're struggling with knee pain, don't suffer in silence.

Our knees, the largest joints in our body, are vital for movement ... Read More

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What is Knee Cartilage Repair?

Knee Cartilage Repair is a specialised orthopaedic procedure designed to address damage to the knee joint’s cartilage. Our body’s natural buffering agent, cartilage often suffers wear and tear due to injury or diseases like osteoarthritis. Unfortunately, unlike other bodily tissues, cartilage has limited ability to heal independently, making surgical intervention necessary for significant damage. The primary goals of a knee cartilage repair treatment are multipronged – alleviation of pain, restoration of joint function, and potentially delaying the progress of arthritis.

Pristyn Care houses some of India’s top orthopaedic surgeons specialising in various knee repair procedures. Using cutting-edge techniques and technology, our experts aim to deliver optimal results with minimal downtime.

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Types Of Knee Cartilage Repair

Knee cartilage repair involves several surgical techniques aimed at rehabilitating the damaged cartilage in your knee joint. The type of procedure often depends on factors such as the size and location of the defect and your overall health and activity level. The most commonly used methods for knee cartilage repair include:

  • Microfracture: This minimally invasive technique includes drilling small holes into the bone beneath the damaged cartilage to stimulate stem cell release and promote fibrocartilage formation.
  • Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation (OAT): In OAT, healthy cartilage from a non-weight-bearing area of the knee is transplanted to the damaged area to restore a smooth articular surface.
  • Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation: This method uses donor tissue (cadaver cartilage) to replace damaged cartilage. It’s suitable for larger defects.
  • Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI): ACI involves harvesting healthy chondrocytes, culturing them in a lab, and then implanting them into the damaged area during a second surgical procedure.
  • Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI): MACI is an advanced form of ACI that uses a scaffold or matrix to support the growth of new cartilage cells.
  • Osteotomy: Osteotomy involves cutting and reshaping bones around the knee joint to shift weight away from the damaged cartilage area.
  • Chondroplasty: A less invasive procedure that smooths out rough or damaged areas of cartilage using specialized tools.
  • Abrasion Arthroplasty: This technique involves using high-speed burrs to remove damaged cartilage down to the underlying bone.
  • Osteoarticular Transfer System (OATS): Also known as mosaicplasty, this transfers healthy cartilage from non-weight-bearing areas of the joint to fill defects in weight-bearing areas.

Diagnosis Before Knee Cartilage Repair Surgery

Before undergoing knee cartilage repair, it is important to have a comprehensive diagnosis. The doctor will perform an array of tests to thoroughly understand the nature of the cartilage defect. This includes:

  • Clinical Assessment: Your doctor will collect information about your symptoms, any past injuries, and related medical history. A physical examination will also be conducted, analysing your knee’s range of motion, and stability, and identifying any swelling or pain during specific movements.
  • X-rays: This imaging technique, though unable to directly visualize cartilage, can reveal joint space narrowing or bone spurs indicating cartilage degeneration. It helps in ruling out bone injuries and assesses joint alignment.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): The MRI technique offers detailed images of the knee structures including cartilage. It is highly effective in assessing the size and depth of cartilage defects and helps in planning treatment strategies.
  • Arthroscopy: This minimally invasive procedure allows direct visualization of the cartilage damage when other imaging methods are inconclusive or before knee cartilage repair surgery.

Procedure For Knee Cartilage Repair

The procedure for knee cartilage repair is a step-wise process that begins with a precise diagnosis and ends with rehabilitating care post-surgery. The steps include:

  • Preparation: Pre-operative assessments such as imaging studies are conducted to evaluate the nature of the defect. Any malalignment that could affect treatment outcomes is identified.
  • Surgical Techniques: Depending upon your case, one or more of several techniques might be implemented. These include chondroplasty, microfracture, osteochondral autograft transfer (OAT), osteochondral allograft transplantation, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and matrix-induced ACI (MACI).
  • Post-operative rehabilitation: This is crucial for recovery and involves physical therapy to restore function and strength in the knee joint.

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Who Is The Right Candidate For Knee Cartilage Repair?

The need for knee cartilage repair largely depends upon the severity and location of the cartilage defect, the patient’s age, and activity level. Ideal candidates usually have the following characteristics:

  • Non-Responsive to Conservative Treatments: Patients who continue to experience knee pain despite trying non-surgical treatments like physical therapy or medication might be candidates for knee cartilage repair.
  • Healthy Cartilage Around the Defect: The presence of healthy cartilage around the defect site increases the chances of a successful repair.
  • Physically Active: Active individuals, especially athletes, who suffer from a cartilage defect are often good candidates as they are more likely to benefit from the repair in terms of improved mobility and performance.

However, it is important to note that each case is unique and should be evaluated individually by a surgeon specialising in orthopaedic knee repair procedures.

Benefits Of Knee Cartilage Repair

The knee cartilage repair treatment in India provides many advantages to patients grappling with knee pain and mobility issues. This procedure focuses on rectifying cartilage damage which is typically the underlying cause of these problems. Here are a few key benefits:

  • Pain Relief: First and foremost, knee cartilage repair significantly reduces or eliminates the knee pain associated with cartilage damage. This paves the way for patients to return to their daily activities and even sports.
  • Improved Functionality: Post successful repair, patients often experience enhanced mobility and joint function, allowing them to partake in physical activities more comfortably.
  • Prevention of Arthritis: Addressing cartilage damage early on may help prevent arthritis progression and further deterioration of the joint.
  • Minimally Invasive Options: Many of the best knee cartilage repair surgeons perform this procedure arthroscopically, resulting in smaller incisions, reduced recovery time, and less pain post-operation.
  • Delaying Joint Replacement: In many cases, effective repair can delay or even eliminate the necessity for more invasive procedures like total knee replacements.

How To Prepare For Knee Cartilage Repair?

Preparation for knee cartilage repair involves a systematic approach that begins with an evaluation of the patient’s condition. Steps include:

  • Consultation: Discuss your symptoms and medical history with a skilled orthopaedic surgeon specialising in knee disorders.
  • Imaging Studies: Undergo X-ray and MRI scans to determine the extent of cartilage damage and aid surgical planning.
  • Preoperative Instructions: Follow guidelines provided by your doctor regarding medications, dietary restrictions, and physical activity limitations prior to surgery.
  • Physical Conditioning: Participate in preoperative physical therapy to strengthen the muscles surrounding your knee, thus improving post-operative outcomes.

Recovery Tips and Precautions To Follow After Knee Cartilage Repair

Post knee cartilage repair recovery involves following instructions provided by your healthcare provider. Here are some tips:

  • Follow-Up Appointments: Attend all scheduled follow-ups to monitor your healing progress and address any concerns.
  • Physical Therapy: Start rehabilitation exercises as directed by your healthcare provider to gradually regain strength and mobility.
  • Pain Management: Utilise prescribed pain medication as directed, and apply ice packs to reduce post-operative swelling.
  • Activity Restrictions: Avoid high-impact activities like running or jumping for a specified period as advised by your surgeon.
  • Weight Management: Keep your weight in check to reduce stress on the knee joint during recovery.

Complications Associated With Knee Cartilage Repair

While orthopaedic knee repair procedures are generally safe, there are potential complications that patients should be aware of, including:

  • Infection: Any surgical procedure carries a risk of infection at the surgical site.
  • Blood Clots: Patients may face a risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), particularly if their mobility is limited post-surgery.
  • Persistent Pain or Swelling: Despite the repair procedure, some individuals may continue experiencing discomfort or swelling.
  • Cartilage Regeneration Issues: In some cases, the repaired cartilage may not heal as expected or may regenerate inadequately.
  • Need for Additional Surgery: Further surgical interventions might be necessary if initial repairs prove unsuccessful or if further damage ensues.

Frequently Asked Questions

How effective is the knee cartilage repair treatment in India?

The effectiveness of knee cartilage repair treatment in India is comparable to international standards, with most patients experiencing significant improvement in pain and mobility post-treatment. The success of the treatment is largely dependent on the individual’s overall health, the degree of damage to the knee cartilage, and adherence to post-operative care guidelines.

Who are some of the best knee cartilage repair surgeons in India?

India boasts several highly skilled and experienced surgeons specialising in orthopaedic knee repair procedures. These surgeons are proficient in performing complex knee surgeries and have stellar track records for their success rates.

How long does a knee cartilage repair procedure typically take?

The duration of a knee cartilage repair procedure can vary based on individual patient circumstances and the specific type of surgery performed. However, most surgeries take between 1 to 3 hours.

What are the alternative treatment options for knee cartilage repair?

In some cases where knee cartilage repair may not be suitable, alternative treatments may include physiotherapy, pain management medications, corticosteroid injections, hyaluronic acid injections or even joint replacement surgery if the damage is severe.

When can I return to work after undergoing a knee cartilage repair procedure?

Returning to work following a knee cartilage repair procedure depends on the nature of your job and how quickly you recover. Typically, patients can resume desk jobs within a few weeks but jobs involving significant physical activity may require more recovery time.

Will I need physical therapy after my knee cartilage repair procedure?

Yes, physical therapy is an integral part of the recovery process following a knee cartilage repair procedure. It helps restore mobility, strength and functionality in the operated knee.

How can I maintain results after a knee cartilage repair procedure?

To maintain results after a knee cartilage repair procedure, patients are generally advised to maintain a healthy weight, engage in regular, low-impact exercise such as swimming or cycling and follow a balanced diet to support overall joint health.

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