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Knee pain and other disorders and diseases related to the knee joint can greatly impact a patient’s mobility and quality of life. If you are suffering from chronic knee pain or arthritis, book your free consultation with our orthopedic doctor near you.
Knee pain and other disorders and diseases related to the knee joint can ... Read More
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The knee joint is the largest joint in the body. It is a hinge joint and allows you to perform basic movements like kneeling, sitting, bending, etc. There are 3 main components of the knee joint – the patellar cap, the femoral, and the tibial components. If damage or degeneration occurs in any of these components, the knee joint can’t function properly.
There are a variety of knee surgeries that you can undergo for the treatment of knee issues and disorders. Though traditional knee surgeries were performed more commonly in the past, nowadays, knee arthroscopy is more common. This is because arthroscopic procedures are minimally invasive and provide better recovery.
Some of the most common knee surgeries are listed below. Read ahead to find more.
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Total knee replacement (TKR), or total knee arthroplasty, is a minimally invasive joint replacement surgery. It is performed for damaged, worn, or diseased knee joints. During the surgery, the surgeon replaces the entire joint with an artificial prosthetic implant. The overall treatment includes surgery and postoperative physiotherapy.
The goal of total knee replacement is to ease the patient’s pain and restore joint mobility in the long term. It is the most commonly performed knee replacement surgery and is generally performed only in severe cases.
Partial knee replacement, also called partial knee arthroplasty or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, is a type of knee replacement surgery that involves replacing only one part of the knee joint. It can be performed as medial or lateral knee joint replacement, depending on the part of the knee joint to be replaced due to the damage to the knee joint.
It is very similar to total knee replacement, but the size and shape of the knee implant vary based on the part of the knee being replaced. Partial knee replacement has smaller incisions compared to total knee replacement, therefore, it generally provides quicker recovery.
Robotic knee replacement is the most advanced technique for knee replacement surgery. It can be performed for all types of knee replacement procedures. The robot enhances the surgeon’s capability and provides even more precise and accurate incisions than arthroscopic surgery.
This results in a much shorter recovery time for the patient due to reduced damage to the tissues surrounding the joint. The robot is also very beneficial in more complex knee replacement cases, as it improves joint balance by protecting the soft tissues around your knee and better aligns the joint.
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Kneecap Replacement also known as Patellofemoral Arthroplasty. It is generally performed when the degeneration is limited to the undersurface area of the kneecap. During the surgery, the surgeon recommends replacing the patellofemoral part of the knee joint with a specialized prosthetic.
Revision knee replacement is the replacement of a knee implant with another prosthetic in case of a postoperative complication. It is performed if the patient has a loose implant, implant dislocation, infection, or overall pain in the operated knee joint.
During revision knee replacement surgery, the surgeon removes all or parts of the original prosthetic and replaces it with a new knee implant. Though its goal and procedure resemble total knee replacement, since the procedure involves extensive bone damage, it is longer and more complex than the original surgery.
ACL surgery, or ACL reconstruction, involves the surgeon removing the damaged ligament and replacing it with a tendon graft to restore complete joint function. Surgery is followed by intense physiotherapy to reduce the chances of re-injury, especially in athletes. Doctors evaluate the joint’s strength, stability, and movement patterns before allowing the patients to return to their sport. A longer rehabilitation period is often linked with a lower chance of injury recurrence.
Minimally invasive surgery is often preferred over open surgery because it uses smaller incisions and causes less harm to the surrounding tissues, making the recovery much smoother and faster.
The PCL (posterior cruciate ligament) is one of the four major ligaments that support your knee movement. PCL tear is not a common injury, but it can sometimes occur due to an awkward fall, sports trauma, etc.
During PCL repair and reconstruction surgery, your orthopedist removes the torn ligament. They will use graft tissue taken from another part of your body (autograft) or from a human donor (allograft) to support the joint in its place. After the surgery, the patient will need extensive physiotherapy over a few months for the graft to heal.
Chondroplasty is the surgical repair and reconstruction of cartilage. It is normally performed in the knee joint if there are degenerative changes in the cartilage present in the knee due to arthritis, aging, etc. The procedure involves smoothing cartilage and trimming any unstable flaps of cartilage. It helps promote the regeneration of cartilage and restore knee function in patients with severe knee joint degeneration.
It is the most common type of meniscus repair surgery and is performed by trimming the torn edges of the meniscus to reshape the meniscus back to a stable rim. It can be either total or partial in nature. Currently, partial meniscectomy is the most preferred treatment, while total meniscectomy is only performed in severe cases.
Meniscus repair surgery involves the orthopedic surgeon sewing the pieces of the torn ligament back together. This procedure can be aided by biological augmentation techniques that can enhance the likelihood and rate of healing and tissue repair. Different augmentation techniques to improve healing include meniscus wrapping with extracellular matrix materials, trephination, synovial rasping and abrasion, fibrin/blood clot placement, platelet-rich plasma injections, etc. Broadly, there are 3 main techniques for meniscus repair- inside-out, outside-in, and all-inside.
Meniscal reconstruction surgery is performed in patients who have undergone a meniscectomy and are at risk of developing degenerative changes in the meniscus ligaments. During the surgery, the existing meniscus is replaced with a donor graft. It is generally preferred in young people who are very active and have a meniscus injury. However, it is not performed for patients suffering from knee arthritis or other degenerative issues.
The removal or destruction of synovial tissue, the membrane that lines articulating joints, is known as Synovectomy. It is generally performed in patients with inflammatory arthritis. The knee joint is one of the most significant joints in the body and is often recommended for synovectomy when needed.
The most common indications for synovectomy in the knee joint are chronic inflammatory arthritis issues like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Lyme arthritis, etc. It is also suggested for severe knee infections, benign neoplastic disorders like osteochondromatosis, tenosynovial giant cell tumor, hemophilia, etc.
Sometimes after a trauma, loose fragments of bone, ligament, or cartilage tissue can be released in the joint area. These fragments can result in damage to the healthy knee tissues if they aren’t removed promptly. The surgeon performs loose body removal arthroscopically, using an arthroscope and a tool called a grabber.
It is a form of synovectomy that is also known as plica resection if the surgery entails the removal of plica, i.e., a band of thick, fibrotic tissue that extends from the synovial capsule of a joint. If these fibrotic tissue bands are present in an abnormal location or shape, then they are removed arthroscopically to ease the patient’s pain and restore knee movement.
Lateral release is also known as keyhole surgery and entails the realignment of the kneecap. It is performed if the patient has a partially dislocated patella and the bone can’t be relocated medically.
Knee microfracture surgery is performed to repair damaged knee cartilage. The surgery involves the stimulation of the patient’s own healing abilities by providing an enriched environment for the damaged cartilage tissue so that the tissue can regenerate on its own.
Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive orthopedic surgery performed for the diagnosis and treatment of knee joint issues. It is generally performed when the surgeon wants to inspect or treat the insides of a joint without damaging the tissues surrounding it.
The procedure is generally performed by inserting a scope and surgical instruments through tiny incisions. The scope is a narrow tube with a fiber-optic video camera attached to it. The video captured through the camera is transmitted to a high-definition monitor for diagnosis and treatment.
Arthrotomy is an open procedure that is performed for knee joint exploration to diagnose knee issues that could not be diagnosed conservatively. It is generally not performed nowadays since it causes major trauma to the knee joint. Nowadays, knee arthroscopy is performed instead, as it involves smaller incisions and a quicker recovery time.
