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Synovectomy Treatment - Diagnosis, Surgery & Recovery

If you are looking for a reliable healthcare provider for your synovectomy, consult with Pristyn Care’s expert orthopaedic surgeons today. Our doctors encompass several years of experience and use the latest technology and equipment to perform synovectomy. To schedule your consultation, call us today.

If you are looking for a reliable healthcare provider for your synovectomy, consult ... Read More

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What Is Synovectomy?

Synovectomy is a surgical procedure in which the synovial membrane, which lines the joint capsule and produces synovial fluid, is removed. This procedure is commonly performed to treat various joint conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and injury to the joint. This procedure is mainly performed for the treatment of knee joints. As the knee joint is highly prone to inflammation and synovial fluid calcification.

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What Are The Types Of Synovectomy?

There are two main types of synovectomy:

  • Open synovectomy: This involves making a large incision in the affected joint and removing the entire synovium. And it is mostly done for treating the knee joint.
  • Arthroscopic synovectomy: The surgery procedure involves using a small camera and specialised instruments to remove the synovium through small incisions in the joint. This is a less invasive option and typically has a shorter recovery time.

Diagnostic Tests Before Synovectomy

Before Synovectomy, the following tests are usually performed:

  • Physical examination: The doctor will perform a physical examination to assess the joint’s condition, including the range of motion, pain, and stiffness.
  • X-rays: X-rays are taken to determine the extent of joint damage and the need for surgery.
  • MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): MRI scans can provide detailed images of the joint and surrounding structures, allowing the doctor to determine the extent of the synovial inflammation.
  • Blood tests: Blood tests may be ordered to check for inflammation markers, rheumatoid factors, and other conditions that may affect the surgery’s outcome.
  • Urine tests: Urine samples may be collected to test for any underlying conditions that may affect the surgery.
  • ECG (Electrocardiogram): An ECG may be done to assess the patient’s heart function before surgery.
  • Pulmonary function tests: These tests measure the patient’s lung capacity and breathing ability.
  • Medical history review: The doctor will review the patient’s medical history to identify any pre-existing conditions that may affect the surgery’s outcome.

How To Prepare For Synovectomy?

  • Consult with your doctor: Before preparing for surgery, it is important to consult with your doctor about the surgery and what to expect during the procedure. Ask any questions you may have about the surgery, the recovery process, and any potential risks or complications.
  • Follow pre-surgery instructions: Your doctor will provide you with specific instructions to follow before the surgery. These may include fasting for a certain amount of time, stopping certain medications, and avoiding alcohol and smoking.
  • Arrange for transportation: Make sure you have someone to drive you to and from the hospital or surgical centre on the day of the surgery. You will not be able to drive yourself home after the procedure.
  • Prepare your home: Before the surgery, make sure your home is clean and organised. Set up a comfortable recovery area with pillows, blankets, and any necessary medical equipment.
  • Plan for post-surgery care: Arrange for someone to stay with you for the first few days after the surgery to help with daily tasks and provide emotional support. Make sure you have any necessary medical supplies, such as bandages or crutches, on hand.
  • Get plenty of rest: In the days leading up to the surgery, make sure you get plenty of rest and avoid strenuous activities. This will help ensure that you are in good physical condition for the procedure.
  • Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water in the days leading up to the surgery to ensure that you are properly hydrated. This will help your body recover more quickly after the procedure.

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What Are The Benefits Of Synovectomy?

Synovectomy offers several benefits to patients, including:

  • Reduced pain: Synovectomy can help reduce joint pain and discomfort by removing the inflamed synovial tissue that is causing the pain.
  • Improved joint function: By removing the diseased synovial tissue, synovectomy can improve joint function and mobility, allowing patients to perform daily activities with less pain and stiffness.
  • Reduced joint damage: Synovectomy can help prevent joint damage by removing the inflamed synovial tissue that can lead to erosion of the joint surfaces.
  • Delayed joint replacement: Synovectomy can delay the need for joint replacement surgery by preserving joint function and reducing joint damage.
  • Improved quality of life: By reducing pain and improving joint function, synovectomy can significantly improve the quality of life for patients with joint diseases.

During The Surgery Procedure

Open Synovectomy The steps to perform an open synovectomy in the knee joint are discussed below

  • The patient will be asked to lie in a face-down position and a device for stopping the flow of blood will be placed on the thigh.
  • It will put pressure on your limb to slow the flow of blood to the knee and help stop bleeding during surgery.
  • At the back of your knee, the doctor will cut an S-shaped hole to get to the ligaments and tissues.
  • Next, the doctor will cut open the back of your knee and remove the damaged synovial tissue.
  • The surgeon will make sure the bleeding stops, and then he or she will use absorbable stitches to close up the back of your knee.
  • Then you’ll be put on your back in a position called “supine” with the thigh tourniquet still in place. The doctor will cut the skin over your patella kneecap and take out the damaged synovial tissue on the front.
  • Then, the surgeon will use absorbable sutures to close up the area and put on a compression bandage that needs to be kept on for two weeks

Arthroscopic Synovectomy

The surgery is performed in the following way:

  • Through surgical portals, the surgeon will put small tools like an arthroscope, a fibre optic tool with a camera, and shavers into the joint. These tools will help the surgery go well.
  • During the surgery, the surgeons will use the images from the arthroscope camera as a guide. They will remove the damaged synovial tissues from the centre and side of your knee, being careful not to remove any knee cartilage.
  • After the surgery is done, a drain will be put in your knee and suction will be used to get rid of any extra fluid in the area. Finally, the doctor will put a thick bandage around your knee to keep it from moving for three days.

What To Expect After Synovectomy?

After a synovectomy, the patient may experience:

  • A reduction in joint pain and swelling.
  • Improved mobility and range of motion in the affected joint.

However, it may take several weeks or months for the full benefits of the surgery to be realised. In some cases, physical therapy and rehabilitation may be necessary to aid in the recovery process.

What Are The Possible Complications/Risks Of Synovectomy?

Side effects of Synovectomy may include:

  • Pain: The most common side effect associated with a synovectomy is post-operative pain or discomfort. After the procedure, the operated area may require a few weeks to heal completely and this may give rise to pain and tenderness in the joint. Limiting movement of the joint may help alleviate the pain.
  • Bleeding: In some cases, the procedure may result in bleeding due to cuts in the tissue around the synovial joint. Excessive bleeding can be a sign of infection and should be reported to a doctor immediately.
  • Infection: Post-operative infection is another potential side effect of synovectomy surgery. Although antibiotics are prescribed after the surgery, there is still a slight risk of infection that should be monitored closely during the recovery period.
  • Scarring: A synovectomy may also result in scarring at the site of surgery, particularly if it was performed through an open approach rather than arthroscopically. Depending on where the scarring occurred it can compromise joint mobility, and stability, and cause increased levels of discomfort when moving that joint.

What Happens If Synovectomy Is Not Done On Time?

Not undergoing synovectomy on time may lead to the following complications:

  • Joint deformities and bone erosion: The inflammation caused by Rheumatoid Arthritis can damage the joint cartilage, leading to joint deformities, instability, and bone erosion.
  • Increased risk of infections: Rheumatoid Arthritis reduces the immune system’s ability to fight infections, increasing the risk of bacterial and viral infections.
  • Cardiovascular disease: Rheumatoid Arthritis can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes.
  • Lung disease: Rheumatoid Arthritis can cause inflammation in the lungs, leading to scarring and reduced lung function.
  • Anaemia: Rheumatoid Arthritis can lead to anaemia, which is a condition where the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to the tissues.

What Not To Do After Synovectomy

After synovectomy the activities which are needed to be stopped may include:

  • Avoid strenuous activities or heavy lifting for at least six weeks after the surgery.
  • Don’t smoke, as it can delay your healing process.
  • Don’t take any anti-inflammatory medication unless advised by your surgeon.
  • Don’t soak in hot tubs or pools until your incision site has healed.
  • Don’t pressure yourself to return to your regular activities too soon.
  • Don’t hesitate to contact your doctor if you have any questions or concerns.

Recovery After Synovectomy

Recovery after synovectomy can vary depending on the type and complexity of the procedure. Here are some tips to ensure a good recovery after synovectomy:

  • During the initial recovery period, it is important to rest and limit activities that may aggravate the healing area. 
  • Physical therapy can help improve the range of motion and strength in the affected joint.
  • Pain management strategies such as medication, heat or cold therapy, and massage can also aid in the recovery process.
  • It is important to follow the doctor’s instructions for aftercare and attend follow-up appointments to monitor progress and adjust any treatment plans as necessary. 

FAQs Around Synovectomy

How effective is synovectomy in treating joint diseases?

About 70–80% of patients respond well to the therapy. Synovectomy can yield dramatic improvement in function and pain relief. Patients whose articular cartilage is largely intact usually experience the best outcomes and this surgery also has low complication rates

Can synovectomy be performed on all joints?

Synovectomy can be performed on most joints, including the knee, ankle, wrist, elbow, and shoulder, but the decision to perform the surgery depends on the specific joint and the extent of the disease.

Is synovectomy covered by insurance?

Synovectomy may be covered by insurance, but the coverage depends on the specific insurance plan and the individual case. It is important to check with the insurance provider to determine coverage and any out-of-pocket costs.

Can you walk after synovectomy?

After your synovectomy, you might be given walking aids. These can be used if necessary, but it is okay to walk without them if possible. After this surgery, you can handle the full weight of your leg.

What happens to my joint function if I have a Synovectomy?

After a Synovectomy, the joint function may be improved due to the removal of any inflamed tissue from around the joint that may be causing pain or stiffness. 

The joint’s range of motion may also be improved as inflammation-causing fluid and debris are no longer trapped in the joint.  However, it is important to note that the long-term success of this procedure ultimately depends on individual circumstances, as well as lifestyle factors such as maintaining an active lifestyle, eating an anti-inflammatory diet, and managing any existing health conditions.

How long do the results of a Synovectomy last?

The results of a synovectomy typically last up to one year, but this can vary from person to person. The joint may need to be re-treated if the symptoms recur or if additional cartilage damage is present.

What rehabilitation options are available after having a Synovectomy procedure?

Rehabilitation options after having a synovectomy procedure can include a range of exercises to help increase the range of motion and strength in the affected joint, as well as physical therapy to help reduce inflammation and pain. Other treatments may include bracing or splints, heat or cold therapy, medication, and the use of corticosteroid injections.

How soon after having a Synovectomy can I return to normal activities?

It is important to remember that everyone’s recovery time may vary. It usually takes about 4-6 weeks to fully recover from a synovectomy, but it could take longer depending on the patient’s healing process. Your doctor may advise you to take it easy during the recovery period and avoid any strenuous activities, such as lifting heavy objects or running. Depending on your physical condition and medical history, your doctor may recommend specific exercises and physiotherapy treatments to help with your recovery.

Is there an age limit for someone who can have this procedure done?

Yes, typically patients need to be at least 18 years old to proceed with the procedure. However, certain exceptions may be made depending on individual cases and the preference of their doctor.

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