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Total Hip Arthroplasty - Diagnosis, Surgery & Recovery

Total hip arthroplasty, also known as hip replacement surgery, is a widely practised procedure in India designed to alleviate severe hip pain and restore lost function. Consult with the best orthopaedic surgeons for total hip arthroplasty treatment in India at Pristyn Care. Book your appointment today.

Total hip arthroplasty, also known as hip replacement surgery, is a widely practised ... Read More

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What is Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a surgical procedure intended to treat severe pain and functional limitations in the hip joint due to conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, avascular necrosis, or fractures.

By removing the damaged bone and cartilage from the hip joint and replacing them with prosthetic components, this procedure can provide significant relief from pain and help restore normal function. It’s performed by experienced orthopaedic surgeons in a well-equipped operation theatre (OT) with the patient under general anaesthesia. The surgery typically takes a few hours and is considered safe and effective.

Regarded as one of the best hip replacement surgeries in India, THA can vastly improve the quality of life for patients by relieving pain and restoring mobility.

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Types Of Total Hip Arthroplasty

The type of total hip arthroplasty technique used can vary based on factors such as the extent of damage to the joint, patient anatomy, lifestyle, age, and surgeon preference. Here are the common types based on the surgical approach:

  • Posterior Approach: This is a traditional method for performing THA. An incision is made along the back of the hip providing direct access to the hip joint. This procedure does not disturb the hip abductors, which can promote a smoother recovery process.
  • Direct Anterior Approach: A newer technique, this method allows access to the hip joint from the front and can cause less tissue damage and lower risk of dislocation.
  • Lateral Approach: This method involves an incision on the side of the hip and may be used depending on patient anatomy and surgeon preference.

Here are the common types based on the types of replacement:

  • Total Hip Replacement: This involves replacing both the femoral head (the ball) and the acetabulum (the socket) with artificial components.
  • Partial Hip Replacement or Hemiarthroplasty: Only the femoral head is replaced. It’s typically used in cases of hip fractures where only one part of the joint is damaged.
  • Hip Resurfacing: A more conservative option that preserves more bone and is generally suitable for younger, active patients with strong bone quality.
  • Hip Revision Surgery: Involves replacing or repairing a previously implanted artificial hip joint that has failed due to wear, loosening, or infection.

Diagnosis Before Total Hip Arthroplasty Surgery

Before total hip arthroplasty, an orthopaedic surgeon will conduct a thorough evaluation to confirm the diagnosis of arthritis and evaluate the extent of hip joint damage. This assessment includes:

  • Patient History: The doctor will ask about the patient’s symptoms, including the nature and duration of hip pain, as well as previous treatments such as medications or physical therapy. The impact of these symptoms on daily activities is crucial in determining the need for total hip replacement.
  • Physical Examination: The doctor will assess the range of motion, strength, and any signs of stiffness or swelling in the affected hip. This helps to understand the functional limitations posed by arthritis.
  • Imaging Studies: X-rays provide a clear visualisation of joint space narrowing, bone spurs, and other signs indicative of arthritis and are vital in confirming the diagnosis. In some cases, MRI or CT scans may be used for a more detailed view of the joint and surrounding tissues.
  • Other Tests: Blood tests or urinalysis may be performed to rule out other conditions that could mimic arthritis symptoms.

Procedure For Total Hip Arthroplasty

Total hip arthroplasty, regarded as one of the best hip replacement surgeries in India, involves several key steps to restore mobility and relieve pain in patients with severe hip arthritis:

  • Anaesthesia: Comfort during surgery is ensured by providing either general anaesthesia or spinal anaesthesia.
  • Incision: An incision is made over the hip to gain access to the joint. The approach (posterior, anterior, or lateral) can vary based on both the surgeon’s preference and the patient’s anatomy.
  • Removal of Damaged Tissue: The damaged femoral head (the ball part of the joint) is removed, followed by preparation of the acetabulum (the socket), which involves removing damaged cartilage and any bone spurs.
  • Implantation of Prosthetic Components: A metal stem is inserted into the hollow centre of the femur (thigh bone) and a metal or ceramic ball is attached to replace the femoral head. A metal socket is then placed in the acetabulum, often secured with screws or cement. A liner made from plastic, ceramic, or metal facilitates smooth movement.
  • Closure: After ensuring proper alignment and function of the prosthetic components, the surgeon closes the incision.
  • Postoperative Care: Patients begin physical therapy soon after surgery to regain mobility and strengthen the hip.

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Who Is The Right Candidate For Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Total hip arthroplasty treatment is a highly effective solution for those suffering from severe arthritis. However, not everyone is a suitable candidate for this procedure. It’s generally considered for patients who:

  • Experience Persistent Pain: Despite non-surgical treatments like medications, physical therapy, or walking support, patients continue to suffer from severe hip pain.
  • Have Functional Limitations: Daily activities such as walking, climbing stairs, or even getting up from a chair are significantly impacted due to arthritis.
  • Show Severe Joint Damage: As confirmed by X-ray evidence, patients exhibit serious joint damage indicative of advanced arthritis.

Remember, the decision for total hip replacement lies with the patient and their family physician/doctor after considering all options and understanding the risks and benefits involved.

Benefits Of Total Hip Arthroplasty

Total hip arthroplasty, often known as hip replacement surgery, has become increasingly prevalent in India, providing welcome relief to many suffering from chronic hip problems. Here are the benefits:

  • Dramatic Pain Relief: THA’s most significant benefit is a dramatic reduction in hip pain. The vast majority of patients experience complete or near-total relief from arthritic pain following the surgery.
  • Improved Mobility and Function: The ability to perform daily activities such as walking, climbing stairs and getting in and out of chairs without discomfort returns post-surgery.
  • Long-lasting Results: Studies indicate that 80-85% of hip replacements remain functional even 20 years post-surgery.
  • Enhanced Quality of Life: With the ability to engage in physical activities and perform everyday tasks pain-free, there’s a significant improvement in mental well-being and independence.
  • High Success Rate: With the best hip replacement surgery in India, THA boasts a success rate of about 95%. Most patients report satisfaction with their outcomes.

How To Prepare For Total Hip Arthroplasty?

As you prepare for your total hip replacement procedure, there are several steps you can take to ensure a smooth process and optimal recovery:

  • Preoperative Assessment: A thorough evaluation by an orthopaedic doctor, involving a medical history review, physical examination and imaging studies like X-rays or MRIs is vital.
  • Medication Review: Discuss all medications with your doctor, as you may need to adjust or stop some before surgery.
  • Lifestyle Modifications: You may be advised to lose weight if overweight. This can reduce stress on the new joint after the operation.
  • Physical Therapy: Engaging in prehabilitation exercises can strengthen muscles around the hip and improve post-surgery outcomes.
  • Home Preparation: Making modifications at home like removing tripping hazards and arranging furniture can facilitate recovery.

Recovery Tips and Precautions To Follow After Total Hip Arthroplasty

After the total hip replacement, your recovery journey begins. Here are some tips and precautions to follow for a smooth recovery:

  • Follow Rehabilitation Protocols: Adhering to a structured physical therapy programme is crucial for regaining strength and mobility.
  • Pain Management: Utilising prescribed pain medications effectively will help manage discomfort during recovery.
  • Avoid High-Impact Activities: Keep away from running or jumping for several months post-surgery to avoid wear on the prosthetic joint.
  • Use Assistive Devices: You may initially need crutches or walkers to aid mobility and maintain balance.
  • Monitor for Complications: Be watchful for signs of infection like fever, increased redness or swelling, or complications such as dislocation or deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Complications Associated With Total Hip Arthroplasty

Just like any surgery, total hip arthroplasty carries potential risks and complications. It’s important to be aware of these:

  • Infection: Infections can occur at the surgical site or deeper within the joint, though they are rare.
  • Blood Clots: DVT is a serious risk following surgery. Preventive measures like anticoagulants or compression stockings may be recommended.
  • Dislocation: The new hip joint can dislocate if proper precautions aren’t followed during early recovery.
  • Implant Failure: Over time, wear on the prosthetic components can lead to loosening or failure, potentially requiring revision surgery.
  • Nerve or Blood Vessel Damage: Although uncommon, there’s a risk of injury to surrounding nerves or blood vessels during surgery.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical lifespan of a total hip arthroplasty implant?

The lifespan of a total hip arthroplasty implant varies from individual to individual. However, research indicates that approximately 85% of these implants last twenty years, and about 70% reach thirty years.

How long does the total hip arthroplasty treatment in India take?

A standard total hip arthroplasty usually lasts between one to two hours. Nonetheless, the duration could vary based on your unique health condition and any complications encountered during the operation.

Is there an age limit for a total hip replacement procedure?

There is no specific age restriction for undergoing a total hip replacement procedure. If you are suffering from serious hip pain that’s hindering your daily activities, your doctor may recommend it regardless of your age.

What makes India a preferred location for the best hip replacement surgery?

India holds a renowned position in the field of medical tourism due to its state-of-the-art medical facilities, highly skilled orthopaedic surgeons, and cost-effective treatment options. The overall affordability without compromising on quality makes India a preferred choice for patients globally seeking the best hip replacement surgery in India.

What are some major signs indicating a need for total hip arthroplasty?

Some critical signs that might indicate you require total hip arthroplasty include persistent or recurring pain in the thigh/hip/groin, stiffness in the hip restricting your movement, and failure to respond to other treatment modalities like physical therapy or medications.

How long does it usually take to return to normal activities after a total hip replacement procedure?

Most patients resume their normal activities 3-6 months post-surgery. However, this depends on various factors like age, pre-existing health conditions, and personal commitment to rehabilitation and physiotherapy.

Is physiotherapy necessary after a total hip arthroplasty?

Yes, physiotherapy is an essential part of recovery after a total hip arthroplasty. Regular physical therapy sessions aid in enhancing your mobility, strengthening the muscles around your hip, and speeding up your recovery process.

Will I need to take medications following total hip arthroplasty?

Following total hip arthroplasty, your doctor will likely prescribe certain medications for pain management and to prevent blood clots. However, the specific medications and their duration would depend on your unique health condition.

How can I maintain my new hip after a total hip arthroplasty?

Maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, avoiding high-impact activities, following a balanced diet, and regular check-ups with your doctor are key to maintaining your new hip after a total hip arthroplasty.

Are there any restrictions on movements or activities post-total hip replacement procedure?

Your doctor or physiotherapist will guide you on safe movements and activities post-total hip replacement procedures. Initially, you may be advised to avoid certain movements that can cause hip dislocation. Over time, as your strength and flexibility improve, these restrictions may ease.

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