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Types of Vaginal Cysts

A vaginal cyst is a lump or bump in the vagina filled with air, mucus, pus, or other materials. Understanding the type of vaginal cyst, its composition, and its features is the first step toward determining the best treatment approach. Get in touch with our expert gynaecologists to get the best treatment for vaginal cysts. Book your appointment now.

A vaginal cyst is a lump or bump in the vagina filled with ... Read More

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What are Vaginal Cysts?

Vaginal cysts are small, firm lumps or pouches filled with fluid, air or semi-solid material that develop within the vaginal walls. They might be a result of injury during childbirth, a build-up of secretions, or non-cancerous (benign) growths. While these cysts are generally harmless, they can sometimes become uncomfortable or create complications such as infection or problems during sexual intercourse.

The development of vaginal cysts is often linked to trauma in the vaginal area, such as that which can occur during childbirth. They also form when one of the glands that normally lubricate the vagina becomes blocked, causing a fluid build-up and subsequently forming a cyst. There are several types of vaginal cysts, each named for the location in the vagina where they typically occur. These include Gartner’s duct cysts, Mullerian cysts, Bartholin’s gland cysts, and inclusion cysts. Each type has unique characteristics and may require different treatment methods.

In many cases, vaginal cysts do not cause any noticeable symptoms. Some women might not even realise they have a cyst until it is discovered during a routine gynaecological examination. However, larger cysts can cause discomfort during sexual intercourse or while sitting or walking. If you notice an unusual lump in your vaginal area, it is important to consult with your doctor. They will conduct a physical examination and may order further tests, such as ultrasound imaging, to determine the type, size and location of the cyst.

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Types of Vaginal Cysts

One of the most common yet often overlooked health issues that women face is vaginal cysts. These are closed pockets of fluid that can form anywhere in or on the vaginal wall. There are different types of vaginal cysts: inclusion cysts, Bartholin gland cysts, sebaceous cysts, Gartner’s duct cysts, and MĂ¼llerian cysts. Let’s understand each one in detail.

Inclusion Cysts

Inclusion cysts are one of the most common types of vaginal cysts. They typically occur as a result of an injury to the vaginal walls during childbirth or surgery, causing the epithelial cells (outermost layer of cells) to be trapped under the skin, which then forms a cyst. Mostly small in size, inclusion cysts are often painless and require no treatment unless they grow large or cause discomfort. However, it is always advisable to consult your doctor if you suspect an inclusion cyst.

Bartholin Gland Cysts

Next are the Bartholin gland cysts. These glands are situated on either side of the vaginal opening and aid in secreting fluid that keeps the vagina moist. Sometimes, these glands can become blocked, leading to fluid build-up and consequently forming a Bartholin gland cyst. They can cause discomfort and pain and may require medical attention to drain the fluid or surgical removal in severe cases.

Sebaceous Cysts

Sebaceous cysts form on the vulva, which is the external part of a woman’s genitals. These result from blocked sebaceous glands that secrete an oily substance onto your skin. Sebaceous cysts are generally painless but can become inflamed or infected, leading to discomfort and requiring treatment.

Gartner’s Duct Cysts

During embryonic development in females, Gartner’s duct is present but usually disappears after birth. However, in some cases, portions of the duct may remain and can form cysts. While usually asymptomatic, these cysts can cause vaginal discomfort or urinary problems if they become significantly larger.

MĂ¼llerian Cysts

Last on our list are the MĂ¼llerian cysts. These are rare types of vaginal cysts that form from remnants of the MĂ¼llerian duct, which is involved in the development of female reproductive organs during embryonic stage. MĂ¼llerian cysts can sometimes grow large in size and may require surgical removal.

It’s important to remember that, while most vaginal cysts are benign and often resolve on their own, any unusual or persistent symptoms should never be ignored. Always consult your family doctor or a gynaecologist if you suspect the presence of a vaginal cyst. Regular check-ups can ensure early detection and treatment and potentially prevent complications.

Who is at Risk of Vaginal Cysts?

Every woman has a potential risk to develop vaginal cysts, irrespective of her age. However, some factors can increase this risk. Women who have experienced trauma during childbirth or have had surgery in the vaginal area are more susceptible to developing these cysts. In particular, instruments like forceps used during delivery can cause damage, leading to cyst formation. Additionally, women with a history of vaginal infections may also be at a higher risk. Remember, these are not definitive causes but just potential risk factors.

What Causes a Cyst on Your Vagina?

Vaginal cysts are benign lumps that can grow inside your vagina. They’re usually caused by an accumulation of fluid or semi-solid material. This build-up can occur due to several reasons:

  • Trauma: Any damage caused to the vaginal walls during childbirth or surgery can result in cyst formation.
  • Blocked glands: Sometimes, glands in the vagina may get blocked and cause fluid build-up, leading to cysts.
  • Infection: Certain infections may lead to the formation of pus-filled cysts.

It’s important to remember that not all lumps are cysts. If you notice any unusual growths, it’s best to consult your family doctor for a proper diagnosis.

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What are the Symptoms of Vaginal Cysts?

Vaginal cysts often don’t display many symptoms and you may not even be aware that you have one. However, if symptoms do occur, they can include:

  • A small lump or bump in the vagina that you can feel
  • Discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse
  • Difficulty while inserting tampons
  • Increased frequency of urination

If you notice any of these symptoms or feel any discomfort in your vagina, don’t hesitate to reach out to your doctor. They can guide you through the necessary tests and treatments, if needed.

What Tests Are Done To Diagnose Vaginal Cysts?

If you’re experiencing discomfort or notice a lump in your private area, it’s possible you could have a vaginal cyst. To diagnose this issue, your doctor may perform the following tests:

  • Physical Examination: The doctor will carry out a thorough physical check-up. They’ll look for any abnormal growths in your vagina and rectum.
  • Pelvic Ultrasound: This is a non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create an image of the organs within your pelvis, assisting the doctor in identifying cysts or masses.
  • Biopsy: If a cyst is found during the examination or ultrasound, your doctor might take a small tissue sample (biopsy). This is analysed in a laboratory to determine whether the cyst is benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Treatments For Different Types of Vaginal Cysts

There are several types of vaginal cysts, each requiring a different method of treatment. Here’s what you need to know:

  • Gartner Duct Cysts: These are benign cysts that usually do not require treatment unless they’re causing discomfort or other symptoms. In such cases, they may be surgically removed.
  • Bartholin Gland Cysts: These occur near the opening of the vagina and can become painful if they’re infected. Initial treatment usually involves soaking in warm water (sitz baths), but if the cyst is large or infected, it may require drainage or surgical removal. Antibiotics may be prescribed if there’s an infection.
  • Vaginal Inclusion Cysts: These are often caused by trauma to the vaginal walls during childbirth or surgery. Small inclusion cysts typically dissolve on their own over time. However, larger ones may need to be surgically removed.

Remember, each individual’s situation is unique. Your doctor will recommend the best treatment based on your specific type of cyst, symptoms, and overall health status. Whether treatment involves a simple sitz bath or a minor operation, remember that understanding your situation and following your doctor’s advice is the first step towards recovery.

FAQs

What is a vaginal cyst, and how is it formed?

Vaginal cysts are closed pockets of air, fluid, or semi-solid material that develop along the vaginal lining. These are generally benign, meaning they’re not cancerous. The formation of a cyst could be due to various reasons, including trauma to the vagina, an infection, or non-cancerous growth.

How many types of vaginal cysts are there?

There are several types of vaginal cysts, which can be broadly classified into five categories: inclusion cysts, Gartner’s duct cysts, sebaceous cysts, Bartholin’s gland cysts, and Mullerian cysts. Each type arises from different tissues in the vagina.

What is an Inclusion Cyst?

An inclusion cyst, one of the most common types of vaginal cysts, often forms as a result of an injury to the vaginal walls during childbirth or surgery. It starts off small and might grow over time.

What are Gartner's Duct Cysts?

Gartner’s duct cysts develop when ducts present during foetal development in females don’t disappear as they normally do after birth. They typically occur on the side walls of the vagina.

What are Bartholin's Gland Cysts?

Bartholin’s glands are located near the opening of the vagina and produce fluid that helps lubricate it. When these glands get blocked, a Bartholin’s gland cyst forms. This can cause discomfort but is usually not harmful.

What is a Mullerian Cyst?

A Mullerian cyst originates from small remnants of embryonic tissue that can remain after the female reproductive organs fully develop. They are generally found along the walls of the vagina.

Do these vaginal cysts cause discomfort or pain?

Most vaginal cysts don’t cause discomfort or pain unless they become infected or large. Some women may feel a small lump in the vagina or experience discomfort during sexual intercourse.

How do doctors diagnose the presence of vaginal cysts?

Doctors usually diagnose vaginal cysts during routine pelvic exams. If a cyst is found, a biopsy may be done to rule out cancer. In some cases, an imaging test like an ultrasound or MRI may be suggested.

What are the treatment options available for vaginal cysts?

The treatment of vaginal cysts largely depends on their type, size, and symptoms. Some cysts require no treatment and may disappear on their own. Others might require draining or surgical removal, especially if they cause discomfort or are potentially cancerous.

Can vaginal cysts lead to long-term health problems?

Most vaginal cysts are benign and don’t lead to long-term health problems. However, if the cyst becomes infected or is not treated properly, it could cause complications. It’s always important to discuss any concerns with your doctor.

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Medically Reviewed By
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Dr. Nikita Trehan
26 Years Experience Overall
Last Updated : March 5, 2025